Hunger Games is a bestseller dystopian young adult trilogy written by Suzane Collins whose popularity subsequently motivated directors Gary Rose and Francis Lowerence to release a four-part sci-fi movie series adaptation that grossed the box office.
This story is about Panem, a country with one wealthy Capitol and its formally underprivileged 13 districts, each district specialized in the production of specific goods for it. The Capitol is authoritative and to exercise control over the districts, it annually holds the Hunger Games, a televised event where one boy and one girl from each district, called tributes, must fight to the death until only one remains as a punishment of a historical rebellion by them.
The series follows Katniss Everdeen, a 16-year-old girl from District 12, volunteering in place of her sister in the 74th alongside Peeta Mellark. The story explores the tributes’ struggle for survival in the arena and their defiance against the oppressive Capitol, its overthrow and the establishment of a new order.
This series alongside entertainment is a vehicle to explore complex psychological themes as it offers profound insight into human experience and societal issues and explores survival psychology in literature. This article explores the Hunger Games’ psychological analysis
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Survival instincts in The Hunger Games
Let us explore and understand the survival instincts of characters in The Hunger Games.
- Adaptation to Environment: Survivors learn to use terrain features, camouflage themselves, and exploit weaknesses in opponents.
- Instinctual Reactions: When faced with immediate threats such as wild animals, traps, or attacks characters often react instinctively. They may fight back fiercely, flee to safety, or hide to avoid danger.
- Resource Acquisition: Tributes rely on their instincts to gather essential resources like food, water, and shelter. Characters balance between cooperation and betrayal to gain an advantage.
- Fight-or-flight response: In The Hunger Games When tributes perceive a threat, their bodies undergo physiological changes such as increased heart rate, heightened senses, and the release of adrenaline. These changes prepare them for either confronting the danger (fight) or escaping it (flight).
- Vicarious Reinforcement: The tributes observe the consequences of others’ actions and adjust their behaviour accordingly. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Characters’ actions in the arena reflects their efforts to fulfil physiological needs (food, water, shelter), safety needs (protection from harm), and belongingness needs (forming alliances for support). The hierarchy’s influence underscores the universal nature of these needs and their impact on behaviour under duress.
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Social Dynamics and Group Behavior in The Hunger Games
- Role of Trust: Trust is a scarce commodity in the arena. Tributes must constantly evaluate whether to trust their allies, knowing betrayal is a likely possibility.
- Strategic Alliances: Katniss forms alliances based on strategy necessity; for instance, her alliance is formed out of mutual trust and shared skills, such as knowledge of the forest and traps.
- Conflict and Cooperation: The pressure forces situations where cooperation is necessary for survival, even as they remain competitors. For example, Katniss and Peeta’s alliance evolves from a simple survival tactic to a deep bond fostered through shared trauma.
- Power Dynamics: Careers who are tributes from wealthier districts are trained for the Games from a young age and often form powerful alliances excluding poorer districts. Their dominance showcases a clear social hierarchy within the arena, where strength, training, and resources dictate power.
- Leadership and Influence: Leadership roles within alliances can shift based on circumstances and individual actions. Katniss, initially reluctant to lead, often finds herself in leadership positions due to her skills and moral compass.
- Bandura’s Social Learning Theory: Characters observe, learn, and imitate behaviours from others in the arena, adapting strategies that prove effective for survival.
Ethical Dilemmas in The Hunger Games
Katniss Everdeen initially works on her survival instincts to save her family and her sister much like Gale (her best friend) who would opt for any means to win against Capitol because of his deep-seated hatred for it. Their ethics contrasts with that of Peeta who from the beginning maintains his integrity. Even in the brutality, his morals are steadfast.
Psychological and Moral Reasoning Development in The Hunger Games
As Katniss forms partnerships and Rue dies she realises the long-term impact of her decisions and starts inculcating empathy and justice in her strategies. During the climax of the scene, she expresses her heightened moral reasoning by choosing long-term justice over immediate revenge. Peeta remains consistent with his moral compass which becomes his resilience for coping from the psychological manipulation by the Capitol.
Their ethical moral developments clash with Gale’s utilitarianism and radicalisation coming from the psychological toll of prolonged Oppression and his deep-seated anger towards the Capitol.
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The Psychological Effects of Power and Control in The Hunger Games
Psychological Manipulation For Control
The Capitol controls the Districts by annually reminding them of their dominance and instilling fear through The Hunger Games. They use media propaganda to distract people from the brutal nature of the game by glorifying Victors.
Psychological Profiles Of The Those In Power
People like the President of the Capitol and the game makers show signs of psychopathy and sadism. President packs empathy, has a superficial charm and uses manipulation and violence through his controlled tactics to remain in power. The game makers are detached from humanity for tributes and see them as pawns in their games which they creatively to which they keep adding deadly obstacles for their entertainment and drama.
Psychological Effects of Power Imbalance and Manipulative Control Over Mental Health
- PTSD and Trauma: The tributes and survivors suffer from PTSD and trauma because of their experiences in games.
- Anger and Rebellion: Like Gale, because of prolonged oppression people manifest their frustrations through radical acts to show defiance.
- Learned Helplessness: Districts feel incapable of changing their circumstances despite having the potential to do so evident from their resignation to the ways of the Capitol.
Effects of Witnessing Violence and Death on Mental Health
- PTSD and Trauma: Being exposed to the horrors of killing and death leaves them with deep-seated trauma and undesirable nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance behaviours, substance abuse, emotional outbursts and emotional numbing. Peeta could not differentiate his real memories from induced hallucinations.
- Hypervigilance and Anxiety: Constant exposure to threats keeps tributes on the edge and overly alert. Emotional Numbing Being exposed to deaths and killings and aiming to survive makes them desensitized towards the sufferings of others.
- Survivor’s Guilt: Characters who survive the Games frequently suffer from survivor’s guilt, grappling with the moral and emotional burden of having lived while others died.
Analysis of Characters’ Resilience in the Face of Adversity
Psychological Theories of Resilience Applied to Characters’ Experience
Resilience Theory
Resilience involves not just bouncing back from adversity but also growing stronger through the experience. This is exemplified by Katniss’ protectiveness of her loved ones, her resourcefulness, and her capacity to form alliances even under dire circumstances, Peeta’s ability to maintain his moral integrity and kindness despite the Capitol’s attempts to break him.
Post-Traumatic Growth
This concept suggests that individuals can experience positive change following trauma. Katniss’s increasing leadership and Peeta’s eventual recovery and contribution to the rebellion from the psychological manipulation and torture and despite alcoholism and cynicism, Haymitch’s resilience through his continued support of Katniss and Peeta and his strong survival tactics shows heightened psychological strength.
Coping Mechanisms Used to Deal with Trauma and Stress
- Distraction and Occupation: Katniss often engages in hunting and foraging.
- Substance Use: Haymitch’s reliance on alcohol illustrates a maladaptive coping mechanism.
- Rebellion and Purpose: Channeling their trauma into a larger cause gives characters a sense of purpose.
With the news of a new movie in the series Hunger Games, the psychological, sociological and political lessons learned from the series stay evergreen today and will continue to prevail due to the universal nature of the human psyche in the face of adversity and control.
References +
- Collins, Suzanne. The Hunger Games. Scholastic Press, 2008.
- Maslow, Abraham H. “A Theory of Human Motivation.” Psychological Review, vol. 50, no. 4, 1943, pp. 370-396.
- Bandura, Albert. “Social Learning Theory of Aggression.” Journal of Communication, vol. 28, no. 3, 1978, pp. 12-29.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
- Snow, C. P., & Mancuso, M. J. “Techniques of Persuasion in Modern Politics.” American Sociological Review, vol. 22, no. 5, 1957, pp. 483-491
